Past Tense
Lesson 1: Basics
Unlike in English, past tense verbs in NTC change depending on the verb. So remember to add the conjugated ending!
Lesson 2: Irregular Verbs
Every language has some degree of irregularity, especially English! In NTC, 3rd person singular verbs don't take an ending — because of this, sometimes the verb looks a little different. Usually this means the final "d" is changed to a "t" and sometimes a vowel is added just before.
In the example below, 3rd person singular [xəɻˈət] is irregular!
Singular Pronouns
1st Person
2nd Person (Intimate)
2nd Person (Formal)
3rd Person (Intimate)
3rd Person (Formal)
[mæn]
[təˈtʌ]
[tə]
[ɪˈʂʌn]
[ʊ]
Verb Endings
[-æm]
[-ɪˈʔɪ]
[-ɪ]
[—]
[—]
Examples
[xəɻˈdæm]
[xəɻdɪˈʔɪ]
[xəɻˈdɪ]
[xəɻˈət]
[xəɻˈət]
Translation
"I ate"
"You ate"
"You ate"
"He/she ate"
"He/she ate"
Paucal Pronouns
1st Person
2nd Person (Intimate)
2nd Person (Formal)
3rd Person (Intimate)
3rd Person (Formal)
[mænˈmʌ]
[təˈtʌʂə]
[təˈʂʌ]
[ɪʂʌˈnʌn]
[ʊˈʔʌn]
[-ɪm]
[-ɪˈʔɪt]
[-ɪt]
[-æn]
[-æn]
[xəɻˈdɪm]
[xəɻdɪˈʔɪt]
[xəɻˈdɪt]
[xəɻˈdæn]
[xəɻˈdæn]
"We ate"
"You ate"
"You ate"
"He/she ate"
"He/she ate"
Paucal Pronouns
1st Person
2nd Person (Intimate)
2nd Person (Formal)
3rd Person (Intimate)
3rd Person (Formal)
[mʌ]
[ʂəmʌˈmʌ]
[ʂəˈmʌ]
[ʌnhʌˈhʌ]
[ʌnˈhʌ]
[-ɪm]
[-ɪˈʔɪt]
[-ɪt]
[-ˈænəʔət]
[-ˈænət]
[xəɻ'dɪm]
[xəɻdɪ'ʔɪt]
[xəɻ'dɪt]
[xəɻd'ænəʔət]
[xəɻd'ænət]
"We ate"
"You ate"
"You ate"
"He/she ate"
"He/she ate"